這份講綱投影片是我在2002年冬天受台灣查某之邀，配合該營隊於紐約的冬令營，介紹爵士樂。該活動同時配合對紐約音樂活動瞭若指掌的陳志宇(Bibi)，於晚間帶領學員至當地各(地下)音樂表演場參觀。
這裡，我分享我所知的爵士樂歷史、音樂欣賞角度，另外也分享了一些性別觀點，供該營隊對性別議題有興趣的朋友思考。
這是2002年的演講，裡面的觀點自然也是當年的。
This is a handout for a talk I gave in the winter of 2002. I was invited by Taiwan Women group to give this talk in New York City. The other speaker, Bibi, an expert in New York City music scene, also took people to various music performnig places in the night.
I shared what I knew about jazz history, my way to approach music, and some gender aspect of this music, which was particularly relevant for many participants at that time.
This was a talk in year 2002, so were many of my views in this handout.
(About English translation: I used a lot of English in the handout because my audience was proficient in English, so I only put short translation for Chinese words at line ends)
Jazz ‘Round the Midnight
Taiwan Women 2002 Winter Camp
Speakers: 李璨光(Tsan-Kuang Lee)、陳志宇(Bibi)
- I、爵士樂是什麼？ (I. What is Jazz?)
- II、五花八門的爵士樂 (II. Many Faces of Jazz)
- III、Jam Session (III. Jam Session)
I、爵士樂是什麼？ (I. What is Jazz?)
- Internal definition
- 元素：樂器、型式、「味道」 (Elements: Instruments, Form, "Flavor")
- 性質：即興、平等、用典 (Features: Improvisation, Equality, Allusion)
- External definition
- 演奏/聽眾族群與音樂認同 (Performer/Audience Groups/Identity)
- 音樂政治：Blues、Groups、Gender (Politics: Blues, Groups, Gender)
Internal definition – 元素:樂器 (Element: Instrument)
樂器：樂團、軍樂隊、電子時代 (Instruments: Ensemble, Marching Band, Electronic Age)
- 銅管樂器 (Brass)
- 爵士鼓 (Jazz Drum Set)
- Acoustic vs. Electric
- guitar/bass, keyboard, drums
- Jazz Organ
- “A Child Is Born”, Thad Jones (Rhoda Scott),譜例 (sample score)
Internal definition – 元素:型式 (Element: Form)
- 時間藝術的三段體 (The 3-Part Form in Time)
- 戲劇、ABA、奏鳴曲式、交響曲式 (Drama, ABA, Sonata Form, Symphony Form)
- Head, Choruses, Head
- Scopes: 樂曲、樂句、和聲 (Piece, Phrase, Harmony)
- Chord Changes
Internal definition – 元素:味道 (Element: Flavor)
- 音階(調式) (Scales (Modes))
- Blues, Diminished, Augmented, Modal
- 和聲 (Harmony)
- “Lush Life”, Billy Strayhorn, (Nancy Wilson)
- “Misty”, Erroll Garner, 譜例 (sample score)
- 分句 (Phrasing)
- “Well You Needn't”, Thelonious Monk,譜例 (sample score)
- 節奏 (Rhythm): syncopation, swing 8th, straight 8th
- Ragtime
- "Nothin'", Luckey Roberts & Willie "The Lion" Smith
- Swing
- Latin
- “Spain”, Chick Corea, 譜例1 (sample score 1), 譜例2 (sample score 2)
Internal definition - 性質:即興 (Feature: Improvisation)
- 即興vs.即興風味 (Improvisation vs. ad lib style)
- 古典音樂照譜彈？ (Classical performers only play what's written?)
- “Autumn (2nd mvt)”, Vivaldi
- Who needs rehearsal?
- 音樂表現向度不同 (Different Expressive Dimension)
Internal definition - 性質:平等 (Feature: Equality)
「平等」的遊戲 (The game of "Equal" (ps: that's a quote from a famous pop song in Taiwan))
- 輪流獨秀 (Take turns in solo)
- 低音與節奏樂器的時代 (The Age of bass register and rhythmic instruments)
- bass solo, Charlie Mingus
- drums solo, Art Blakey
Internal definition - 性質:用典 (Feature: Allusion)
Standards, Classics
- Repertoire
- Allusion
- “Take the A Train”, Strayhorn/Ellington, (Ella Fitzgerald)
- “Lush Life”, Billy Strayhorn, (Nancy Wilson)
- Parody?
- “A Chick from Corea”, Steve Bailey & Victor Wooten
- Vocalese
- “Now’s the Time”, Charlie Parker
External definition – 認同 (Identity)
演奏/聽眾族群與音樂認同 (Performer/Audience Groups/Identity)
- 古典音樂「家」,爵士樂「師」,搖滾吉他「手」(Classical "Performer", Jazz "Cats", Rock Guitar "Player" ([rough translation]: these words bear very different connoations in Chinese language)
- 語言認同、種族認同 (Linguistic/Race Identity)
- 行話 (Jargons): cats, long-hair, swing, straight, blow, turn-around, bridge, comp, horn, jam, lick, riff, run, sideman, walk, trade 8, trade 4
External definition – 政治: Blues (Politics: Blues)
Jazz vs. Blues
- Finance Service advertisement: Ellis Marsalis
- Blues源流 (History of Blues)
- “Delta Blues”, Robert Johnson
- “C Jam Blues”, Duke Ellington, (Oscar Peterson)
- Blues型式 (Form of Blues)
- 詞 (主題、內容、型式) (Lyric: theme, content, form)
- 曲 (音階、和聲、調性) (Music: scale, harmony, mode)
- 譜例 “C Jam Blues” (Sample score: C Jam Blues)
External definition – 政治: Groups
- 「美國」/「黑人」的爵士樂？("American"/"Black" Jazz?)
- Jazz Department in Lincoln Center, Julliard, Curtis
- 歐亞非南北美 (Europe, Asia, Africa, South/North America)
- Jazz Exile, Fusion, African, Latin
- “La Danse du Bonheur”, John McLaughlin/Shakti
- “Modern” Jazz: alienation
- 樂迷收藏，“traditional jazz”，版權 (Collector, "traditional jazz", copyright)
- “The Girl from Ipanema”,Getz/Gilberto
- Brazilian Culture Renaissance
External definition – 政治:Gender (Politics:Gender)
- Vocal/Ballad(e)
- 女性歌手、鋼琴手 (Female singer, Female pianist)
- 只屬於爵士們的爵士樂？(Jazz for Sirs?[The word jazz and sir have the same pronunciation in Chinese])
- Billie Tipton Saxophone Quartet
- Jazzman vs. Diva
- Ella Fitzgerald
- 早期嬌嗓柔聲 (Early girly sound)
- 晚期性感磁聲 (Mature Sexy/"Magnetic" sound)
- “How High the Moon”
- 磁性 vs. sexy (Magnetic vs. Sexy)
- Scat
- “C Jam Blues”, Duke Ellington, (Ella Fitzgerald)
II、五花八門的爵士樂 (II. Many Faces of Jazz)
- "Standards"
- 百花齊放 (Bloosm)
- "Modern"
五花八門的爵士樂 - "Standards"
- Ragtime
- Blues
- Big Band Swing: danceable, golden age
- “In the Mood”, Glenn Miller
- Bebop
- Cool
- “Freddie Freeloader”, Kind of Blue, Miles Davis
- Hard-bop
- “Heychico”, Charisma, Lee Morgan
五花八門的爵士樂 - 百花齊放 (Bloosm)
- Latin
- Fusion, Acid, Funk
- Cassiopeia Jazz Quartet
- Chick Corea
- Herbie Hancock
- Lucky Thompson Quartet
- Smooth / New Age
- Rock/Classical/Ethno Influence
- Miles Davis
- Modern Jazz Quartet
- “African” percussion
五花八門的爵士樂 - “Modern”
- Avant-Garde
- "Better Get Hit in Yo' Soul", Charles Mingus
- “I Fall in Love Too Easily”, Chet Baker
- “Part II C- Live in Koln”, Keith Jarrett
- "Waltz for Debby", Bill Evans
- “Japan”, Pharoah Sanders
- John Coltrane Pre-/Post- Coltrane Jazz (1967)
- “My Favorite Things”
- Original- '61
- Post- '66 Live in Japan
- Radical Jewish Culture
- “Tahah”, John Zorn (Masada)
III、Jam Session
- Rhythm section
- Sheet music
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